What specific orbital consequence affects planets located very close to M-dwarfs?

Answer

They are highly susceptible to tidal locking, causing perpetual day and night sides.

Planets orbiting within the habitable zone of M-dwarfs (red dwarfs) must orbit extremely close to the star to receive enough warmth, often falling inside what would be Mercury's orbit in our solar system. This close proximity subjects the planet to intense gravitational influence from the host star. The result is tidal locking, a state where the gravitational pull has synchronized the planet's rotation period with its orbital period. Consequently, one hemisphere faces the star continuously, leading to scorching temperatures, while the far side remains permanently facing away, resulting in eternal freezing conditions. This lack of a moderating day/night cycle is a major impediment to climate stability.

What specific orbital consequence affects planets located very close to M-dwarfs?

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