What significant planetary effect is M dwarfs' close Habitable Zone known to cause?
Answer
Tidal locking.
Because M-dwarfs are small and cool, their Habitable Zone is situated extremely close to the stellar body. Planets orbiting within this proximity are highly susceptible to tidal locking. This gravitational effect causes one side of the planet to perpetually face the star (eternal day) while the opposite side remains in eternal darkness. This results in catastrophic temperature extremes across the planet's surface, making conditions difficult for sustaining liquid water globally and fostering complex life.
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