Which elements heavier than iron are synthesized during the final moments of a supernova explosion?

Answer

Gold, uranium, and lead

While the shell fusion process within the massive star creates elements up to iron, the synthesis of elements significantly heavier than iron requires an environment characterized by extreme energy flux and a massive influx of neutrons, conditions only met during the peak intensity of a supernova. It is during the explosive phase, specifically through rapid neutron capture processes enabled by the immense energy release and density spike, that the heaviest elements are forged. This includes naturally occurring radioactive elements and heavy metals such as gold, uranium, and lead. The creation and subsequent dispersal of these elements through the ejected supernova material are vital, as they seed the interstellar medium, providing the necessary building blocks for subsequent generations of stars, planets, and ultimately, life.

Which elements heavier than iron are synthesized during the final moments of a supernova explosion?

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