Which stellar environment is responsible for the slow process (s-process) creating isotopes up to bismuth (Bi)?
Answer
Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars
The slow neutron capture process (s-process) is responsible for synthesizing approximately half of all isotopes heavier than iron, extending up to bismuth (Bi). This mechanism occurs over relatively long timescales within specific evolved, moderate-mass stars known as Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars. The defining feature of the s-process is the rate of neutron capture: neutrons are captured by seed nuclei slowly enough that the newly formed, heavier isotope has sufficient time to undergo beta decay into a more stable configuration before it captures yet another neutron. This contrasts sharply with the rapid neutron capture mechanism.
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