What remnant is left behind after a low-to-medium mass star sheds its outer layers?
Answer
A white dwarf
Low-to-medium mass stars lack the necessary mass to reach the high temperatures required to fuse carbon. When these stars reach the end of their lives, they cannot sustain further fusion and eventually cast off their outer layers, which drift away to form a planetary nebula. The remaining core, primarily composed of carbon and oxygen, is known as a white dwarf. This object is highly dense, about the size of Earth, and slowly loses heat over billions of years.

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