What inherent advantage do space observatories like Hubble and Webb possess over ground-based instruments concerning light wavelengths?

They bypass atmospheric absorption and blurring, granting access to blocked wavelengths.

Earth's atmosphere acts as a filter, absorbing certain wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation and distorting others, which causes stars to appear to twinkle. Space observatories orbit above this turbulent layer, granting them an uninterrupted line of sight to celestial objects. This freedom from atmospheric interference allows them unparalleled clarity and, crucially, grants them access to parts of the spectrum that are largely or completely blocked by our air, particularly the ultraviolet and portions of the infrared spectrum, enabling observations impossible from the ground.