What stellar population primarily dictates a galaxy's vibrant blue appearance?

Answer

Young, hot, massive stars

The intrinsic color of a galaxy is directly tied to the active star formation occurring within it. When a galaxy is undergoing vigorous star formation, it produces an overwhelming quantity of young, hot, massive stars. These types of stars emit light predominantly in the blue and ultraviolet portions of the electromagnetic spectrum because blue light corresponds to shorter wavelengths and higher energy output. The sheer brightness of these short-lived, blue-hot stars dominates the overall light profile emitted by the galaxy, making the entire system appear distinctly blue to an observer, regardless of the presence of older stars.

What stellar population primarily dictates a galaxy's vibrant blue appearance?
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