Which Kelvin temperature range generally characterizes the surface of the coolest visible stars identified as Red?
Answer
Dipping down to 3,500 K or even as low as 2,000 K.
The color red is associated with the longest wavelengths in the visible spectrum, which corresponds to the lowest surface temperatures among stars observable by the naked eye. The text establishes a clear hierarchy where Red stars occupy the very bottom of the thermal scale presented. Their surface temperatures are indicated to range from approximately 3,500 Kelvin down to the coolest extreme of about 2,000 Kelvin. Although Betelgeuse is cited as an example of a massive Red star, it is crucial to remember that this cool surface temperature does not necessarily imply low total energy output, especially for very large stars which can compensate with vast surface area.

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