What speed do the outer stellar layers reach while falling onto the halted neutron core?
Answer
Often reaching 70,000 kilometers per second
Even though the internal iron core successfully halts its collapse due to neutron degeneracy pressure, the huge volume of overlying stellar material—which includes remnants of silicon, oxygen, and other fused elements—is still plunging inward at tremendous velocity. This material has not been stopped by the core's resistance yet. The text specifies that these infalling outer layers frequently reach speeds as high as 70,000 kilometers per second just before they collide violently with the newly formed, extremely rigid neutron core surface.

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