What specific spectral features distinguish K-type stars from hotter, earlier spectral classes?
Answer
Their spectral lines show the presence of neutral metals and some molecular bands.
The classification of a star by spectral type is determined by analyzing the absorption lines present in its light spectrum, which correspond directly to the star's surface temperature and atmospheric composition. For K-type stars, their intermediate temperature profile allows for specific atomic and molecular features to become prominent. Specifically, the characteristic spectral signature involves observable absorption lines corresponding to neutral metals, alongside the appearance of certain molecular bands. This contrasts with hotter stars (like A or F types) which show stronger ionization states or different element abundances.
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