What remnant forms if the post-explosion core mass remains below three solar masses (TOV limit)?
Answer
A neutron star
The final fate of the collapsed core depends critically on its remaining mass after the supernova ejects the outer layers. If the remnant core mass is less than approximately three times the mass of our Sun, a value known as the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) limit, the outward push of neutron degeneracy pressure is strong enough to permanently stabilize the object against further compression. This stable, city-sized remnant packed with the mass of many Suns is classified as a neutron star.
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