On which scale does the accelerating separation driven by dark energy become the dominant factor over gravity?
Answer
The vast voids between established galaxy structures
The accelerating expansion driven by dark energy is extremely weak on small scales, insufficient to disrupt tightly bound systems such as solar systems, individual galaxies, or even structures like the Virgo Cluster. However, as distances increase across the enormous empty spaces—the voids—that separate established, massive galaxy clusters, the repulsive effect of dark energy becomes the dominant force. This causes the distance between these massive, gravitationally coherent clumps to increase steadily and accelerate over cosmic time, illustrating the limits of local gravitational dominance.
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