How did sailors utilize constellations and bright stars for navigation?

Answer

As reliable guides across featureless landscapes or open seas.

One of the critical practical applications of ancient astronomy was in the realm of terrestrial and maritime travel, addressing the need for orientation without modern instruments. Because the stars maintain fixed relative positions over short periods, they offered reliable navigational data. Sailors traversing the vast, featureless expanse of the open ocean, and travelers crossing desolate landscapes, relied upon the distinct patterns of constellations and specific bright stars as dependable reference points. This turned the visible celestial sphere into a universal, trustworthy map for guiding their journeys.

How did sailors utilize constellations and bright stars for navigation?
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