For which dimming cause does the light reduction originate *from* the star itself?
Answer
Stellar Variability.
Stellar Variability encompasses changes in brightness stemming directly from physical processes occurring within the star itself, such as internal nuclear fusion fluctuations, expansion/contraction cycles (Pulsation), or changes in surface area due to cooler starspots. Unlike dimming caused by external factors like dust between the star and Earth (Interstellar Extinction) or distortions caused by Earth's air (Atmospheric Interference), variability means the actual quantity of light being emitted by the star's photosphere is changing inherently.
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