Why must instruments observing Ultraviolet, X-ray, and Gamma-Ray radiation typically be placed in space?

The Earth's atmosphere blocks most of these high-energy rays

The Earth's atmosphere acts as a shield against much of the high-energy portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Specifically, the atmosphere effectively absorbs or blocks most incoming Ultraviolet (UV), X-ray, and Gamma-Ray radiation before it can reach ground level. Consequently, to study the energetic processes associated with phenomena like black holes feeding or supernova explosions that emit these wavelengths, observational instruments must be physically positioned above this dense atmospheric layer. This necessity mandates the use of space-based assets, such as orbiting observatories, for comprehensive study in these specific high-energy bands.