What is the primary advantage of any astronomical instrument compared to magnification?

Light-gathering power

The primary advantage inherent in nearly all astronomical observational instruments, whether they use lenses or mirrors, is their light-gathering power. This ability is directly related to the physical area of the primary optical element, such as a lens or a mirror. A larger area captures significantly more photons over the same duration, which allows astronomers to detect fainter objects or capture detailed images of existing targets much more quickly. While magnification helps resolve fine details, light collection is fundamental because it dictates the faintness limit of what can be observed. If the light cannot be gathered effectively, magnification only enlarges darkness or blur.