What is the fundamental function of a telescope when viewing faint or distant objects?

Answer

Collecting light and focusing it into a viewable image

The core mechanism of a telescope involves its primary objective—a lens or mirror—gathering photons emitted from faint or distant celestial bodies. This process of light collection is crucial because, for remote objects, the amount of light reaching the observer is incredibly small. Once collected, the optical system focuses these collected rays into a concentrated point or image plane. This focusing action effectively makes the objects appear significantly brighter and larger than they could ever be perceived by the unaided human eye, thereby overcoming the limitations imposed by distance and low illumination.

What is the fundamental function of a telescope when viewing faint or distant objects?

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