What significant orbital hazard do planets face when orbiting in the tight Habitable Zone of M-dwarf stars?

Answer

Vulnerability to tidal locking

M-dwarf stars are small and cool, meaning their habitable zones are located extremely close to the star. Planets orbiting in this region complete their orbits very quickly, often in just a few Earth weeks. This close proximity subjects the planet to immense gravitational forces from the star, resulting in tidal locking. Tidal locking forces one hemisphere to perpetually face the star, leading to extreme scorching on the day side, while the opposite night side faces deep space and becomes intensely cold. For liquid water to exist widely across the surface, the planet's atmosphere must be exceptionally effective at circulating heat between these two radically different thermal environments.

What significant orbital hazard do planets face when orbiting in the tight Habitable Zone of M-dwarf stars?

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What Is the Habitable Zone? - YouTube

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