What process follows gravitational scattering to result in the characteristic nearly circular orbits of many Hot Jupiters?

Answer

Circularization by tidal forces from the host star.

If scattering leaves a planet on a highly eccentric orbit, its extreme proximity to the star ensures that tidal interactions quickly circularize the orbit into the tight configuration often observed.

What process follows gravitational scattering to result in the characteristic nearly circular orbits of many Hot Jupiters?
astronomyexoplanetsHot Jupitersorbits