Why does the core accretion model struggle to explain the formation of Hot Jupiters in their observed close-in orbits?
Answer
Insufficient solid material exists inside the ice line to build a core large enough for gas capture.
The core accretion model requires time and abundant solid material, which is mostly found beyond the 'ice line' where ice can boost core growth; inside this line, there isn't enough solid material available to form a Jupiter-sized core.
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