What physical phenomenon causes orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to slowly decay?

Answer

Atmospheric drag from the thin, present atmosphere

Satellites operating in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), generally defined as altitudes under approximately 2,000 kilometers, are subject to atmospheric drag. Even though the atmosphere is extremely thin at these heights, it is still present enough to exert a continuous retarding force on the orbiting object. This drag acts against the satellite's sideways velocity, causing it to lose energy and gradually spiral inward toward the Earth. This orbital decay necessitates active path correction burns utilizing onboard propellant to maintain the intended operational altitude and velocity balance required for stable orbit.

What physical phenomenon causes orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to slowly decay?

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