What do L, T, and Y spectral types essentially represent?
Answer
Increasingly cool objects, essentially brown dwarfs
The stellar classification system extends beyond the traditional M class to include L, T, and Y spectral types, which denote objects that are progressively cooler than M-type stars. These cooler classes are generally associated with objects known as brown dwarfs. In the atmospheres of these very cool objects, the chemistry shifts away from simple atomic absorption toward the dominance of molecules and even simple compounds, reflecting their extremely low temperatures.

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