Which three locations constitute the globally distributed Deep Space Network (DSN) complexes?
Answer
Goldstone in California, Madrid in Spain, and Canberra in Australia
The Deep Space Network (DSN) is not a single dish but a globally distributed network essential for receiving signals from Mars. This network is strategically divided into three complexes situated roughly 120 degrees apart in longitude to ensure constant coverage. These three complexes are explicitly identified as Goldstone, located in California; Madrid, located in Spain; and Canberra, located in Australia. This precise geographical spacing guarantees that as Mars rotates beneath Earth's view, at least one station always maintains a clear, high-angle line of sight necessary for maintaining communication links.
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