Which specific space probe delivered the first close-up photographs of Mars, clearly showing a barren, cratered surface lacking artificial irrigation systems?
Answer
Mariner 4 flyby in 1965
The Mariner 4 flyby in 1965 provided the initial close-range imaging, definitively showing a natural, cratered landscape rather than the complex engineered structures Lowell had mapped.
Related Questions
What Italian word, meaning "channels" or "grooves," was translated into English as "canals," implying artificial construction?In what year, marked by a close opposition, did Giovanni Schiaparelli begin charting the Martian surface features he called *canali*?Where did Percival Lowell establish his observatory dedicated to the study of Mars and the canal hypothesis?What was Lowell's primary theory regarding the function of the Martian canals?What psychological phenomenon is cited as a major factor contributing to the widespread acceptance of patterns in the faint Martian surface details?Which astronomer, using large, high-quality telescopes in the early 1900s, contradicted Lowell's findings by seeing only vague spots and indistinct markings?Which specific space probe delivered the first close-up photographs of Mars, clearly showing a barren, cratered surface lacking artificial irrigation systems?What famous science fiction work, featuring an invasion of Earth by Martians using advanced technology, arose from the speculation fueled by the canal belief?In what year was Percival Lowell's book, *Mars and Its Canals*, published detailing his observations?What long-term effect did the failure to find canals ultimately have on the field of Martian science?