What specific logistical challenge must be precisely managed during orbital propellant transfers?

Answer

Accounting for 'parasitic' losses like cryogenic boil-off

Cryogenic propellants inevitably warm up and vaporize upon contact with warmer transfer lines or tanks; this boil-off must be precisely accounted for, as significant loss necessitates launching more tanker flights.

What specific logistical challenge must be precisely managed during orbital propellant transfers?

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