What is the specific mechanism that generates internal friction and heat on Io due to Jupiter's immense gravity?
Answer
Jupiter's gravity stretches and squeezes Io as it orbits
The mechanism driving Io's extreme internal energy is tidal heating. This process results directly from Jupiter’s immense gravitational field applying cyclic stress to Io as it revolves in orbit. This results in the moon being alternately stretched and squeezed. This continuous mechanical flexing generates significant internal friction, which manifests as the extreme heat required to sustain the hundreds of active volcanoes observed on its surface.
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