What is the projected peak luminosity of the Sun as a Red Giant compared to 1 L$_ ext{odot}$?
Answer
Somewhere around 2,300 to 3,000 times its current level
The expansion into a Red Giant is driven by a massive increase in energy production originating from the hydrogen shell burning. Theoretical models predicting the characteristics of the Sun in this advanced evolutionary stage suggest a substantial surge in radiant output. The current luminosity, defined as 1 solar luminosity (L$_ ext{odot}$), is expected to jump drastically, potentially reaching peak levels between 2,300 and 3,000 times that current measure. This intense increase in luminosity is what forces the outer layers outward and pushes the habitable zone significantly further into the solar system.
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