What is the approximate temperature range for the coolest M-type red dwarfs mentioned in the context of O-type stars?
Answer
Around 2,500 to 3,000 K
The text provides a dramatic comparison illustrating the scale of temperature differences across the stellar sequence by citing specific Kelvin measurements. The hottest O-type blue stars can achieve surface temperatures exceeding 30,000 Kelvin. In stark contrast, the coolest M-type red dwarfs, which terminate the visible spectrum sequence, hover around a much lower range, specifically noted as 2,500 to 3,000 K. This nearly ten-fold difference demonstrates how significantly temperature dictates the visible signature of a star.
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