What factor causes an observer to sometimes perceive subtle color variations inaccurately, especially when observing a faint star?

Answer

Our eyes have limitations in distinguishing subtle color variations

While the color of a star is a direct indicator of its temperature, achieving a perfectly accurate visual assessment is subject to human and environmental limitations. One significant limitation lies within human perception itself: our eyes are imperfect instruments that struggle to distinguish very subtle color variations, especially when the light source, such as a faint star, does not present a strong signal. This perceptual difficulty compounds other issues like atmospheric distortion, making precise visual estimation challenging compared to using the scientific spectral classification.

What factor causes an observer to sometimes perceive subtle color variations inaccurately, especially when observing a faint star?
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