What factor significantly dictates how quickly a large piece of debris will decelerate in the sparse upper atmosphere?

Answer

Its shape and cross-sectional area

Physical characteristics matter significantly; a large object presenting a big surface area, like a flat sheet, will decelerate much faster due to increased drag compared to a small, dense object of the same mass.

What factor significantly dictates how quickly a large piece of debris will decelerate in the sparse upper atmosphere?

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