What core characteristic defines the structure and accountability of the European Space Agency (ESA)?

Answer

It functions as an intergovernmental organization coordinating capabilities of its member states.

The European Space Agency (ESA) possesses a multinational character because it functions as an intergovernmental organization representing several participating European nations. Its mission requires coordinating the diverse scientific and technological capabilities contributed by these member states across various domains, including launch systems, navigation (like Galileo), and Earth observation. This structure means its broad portfolio and operational scale are guided by agreements among its constituent countries, differing significantly from ISRO, whose primary accountability is localized to the Government of India. This multinational integration shapes ESA's decision-making processes and operational scope.

What core characteristic defines the structure and accountability of the European Space Agency (ESA)?

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