How much less luminous is a typical $0.1 M_ ext{odot}$ red dwarf compared to the Sun?
Answer
Roughly one ten-thousandth ($1/10,000$th)
The luminosity of a typical $0.1 M_ ext{odot}$ red dwarf is predicted to be extremely low, amounting to roughly one ten-thousandth of the luminosity generated by the Sun.

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