How is the directional flow defined for a prograde satellite orbit?
Answer
Circling the Earth in the same direction that the Earth rotates (west to east)
The term prograde describes the orbital direction for the vast majority of operational satellites, including those used for most communication and observation purposes. This direction means the satellite moves in the same direction as the Earth spins on its axis, which is from west to east. Launching into a prograde orbit is preferred because it is the most energy-efficient path to achieve orbit, as the launch vehicle benefits from the initial eastward momentum provided by the Earth's rotation. Conversely, a retrograde orbit moves against this rotation, requiring significantly more energy.
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