How does the actual transverse motion of stars compare to the apparent speed caused by Earth's rotation?
Actual motion is thousands of miles per second across the galaxy, but it is imperceptible over human timescales compared to the 1,000 miles per hour rotational effect.
Although the apparent east-to-west drift observed over a few hours is directly attributable to the Earth spinning beneath us at roughly 1,000 miles per hour at the equator, the stars themselves are also moving independently through space. This true stellar motion, known as proper motion, occurs at immense velocities, measured in thousands of miles per second across the galactic structure. However, because these stars are located incredibly far away—often hundreds or thousands of light-years distant—their actual transverse movement across our field of view becomes negligible when compared to the immediate, visible effect caused by the planet's relatively swift rotation underneath us. For practical observation, the rotational effect dominates the perceived movement.
