By what means is the existence and extent of the Dark Matter Halo primarily inferred by astronomers?

Answer

Observing the gravitational effects on stellar orbital velocities

The halo's existence is inferred entirely through its gravitational effects, specifically by observing that stars in the outer disk maintain high orbital velocities, which requires a massive, unseen component.

By what means is the existence and extent of the Dark Matter Halo primarily inferred by astronomers?

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