When did astronomers estimate the solar nebula's pivotal formation event occurred?
4.6 billion years ago
The foundational event initiating the solar system's development, involving the collapse of the immense solar nebula, is estimated by astronomers to have taken place approximately 4.6 billion years in the past. This figure is derived from radiometric dating of the oldest components found within the system, particularly primitive meteorites. This timeframe marks the transition from a diffuse cloud of interstellar material to a gravitationally bound system centered around a nascent star. Understanding this specific timescale is crucial as it aligns with the rates of accretion and cooling processes necessary to form the distinct structures observed today, such as the rocky inner planets and the distant gas giants.

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