After the rover beams data to an orbiter, what action does the orbiter perform next?

It receives, validates, stores, and sometimes compresses or repackages the data for Earth.

The orbital spacecraft acts as a crucial intermediary or digital post office in the communication chain. Upon successfully receiving the burst transmission from the rover, the orbiter performs several necessary steps before relaying the information onward. First, it must receive and validate the integrity of the incoming data package to ensure no errors occurred during the local uplink. Following validation, the data is stored onboard. Furthermore, the orbiter often performs immediate processing tasks, such as compressing or repackaging the files slightly, optimizing them for the subsequent, more powerful transmission across interplanetary space toward Earth.