Which specific planets are projected to be engulfed when the Sun transitions into a red giant?
Answer
Mercury and Venus
As the Sun exhausts its hydrogen, it will eventually enter a red giant phase, causing it to expand significantly. Based on models of this expansion, the increased diameter of the Sun will likely result in it reaching far enough to consume the orbits of the innermost planets, specifically Mercury and Venus. While Earth will not necessarily be engulfed, the massive increase in luminosity and the proximity of the star's surface would render it uninhabitable.
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