Which light wavelengths are interstellar dust grains in reflection nebulae most efficient at scattering toward an observer?
Answer
Shorter, bluer wavelengths
Interstellar dust grains within reflection nebulae exhibit a pronounced dependency on wavelength when scattering light from illuminating stars. They possess a cross-section for scattering that favors shorter wavelengths significantly more than longer ones. Consequently, the blue portion of the starlight spectrum is redirected towards the observer much more frequently than the red portion. This preferential scattering is the direct cause of the characteristic ethereal blue glow observed in objects like IC 4592 and M78, contrasting sharply with the glow produced when gas itself emits light.

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