What was the primary historical responsibility of the NASA Pilot during the Space Shuttle era?
Answer
Operating the spacecraft's flight controls, navigation, and landing systems.
Historically, particularly during the Space Shuttle Program, the Pilot held the critical role of actively flying the vehicle, especially during the high-risk phases of launch and landing. They functioned as the second-in-command, working alongside the Commander to manage the actual flight controls and navigation systems. While Mission Specialists handled internal and scientific tasks, the Pilot was functionally responsible for the vehicle's aerodynamic performance and system operation required to maneuver the orbiter safely into orbit and back to Earth.
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