What two opposing forces define the state of hydrostatic equilibrium in a star?
Answer
The crushing force of gravity pulling inward and the outward pressure generated by nuclear reactions
Hydrostatic equilibrium is the defining characteristic of a star's stable main sequence lifetime, representing a perpetual, delicate balance within the object's structure. This balance is maintained by two primary forces acting against each other: the immense, inward crushing force exerted by the star's self-gravity attempting to collapse all its material, and the powerful, outward pressure generated by the intense heat resulting from the thermonuclear reactions occurring deep within the stellar core. This standoff prevents the star from either collapsing catastrophically or expanding uncontrollably.
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