What physical relationship dictates that a star’s luminosity increases steeply with its mass?

Answer

Mass-Luminosity Relation

The relationship governing the extreme energy output differences between stars of varying masses is formally known as the Mass-Luminosity Relation. This principle quantifies how stellar luminosity, which represents the total energy radiated per unit of time, scales dramatically upward as the star's mass increases. For example, a star ten times the mass of the Sun exhibits an energy output that is hundreds of thousands of times greater than the Sun's output. This exponential increase in energy generation is required to generate the necessary outward thermal pressure to balance the immense gravitational forces inherent in a highly massive stellar body, thereby accelerating fuel consumption.

What physical relationship dictates that a star’s luminosity increases steeply with its mass?

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