What two opposing cosmic forces create hydrostatic equilibrium in a main-sequence star?
Answer
Gravity and outward pressure from fusion heat
A main-sequence star maintains a stable size and constant luminosity throughout its longest phase of life because of a state called hydrostatic equilibrium. This balance is a dynamic compromise between two powerful, opposing forces acting on the stellar structure. On one side is gravity, which acts inward, perpetually attempting to compress the star's entire mass into the smallest possible volume. Counteracting this inward crush is the powerful outward pressure generated continuously by the immense heat resulting from ongoing nuclear fusion occurring within the core. When these two forces are perfectly matched, the star remains stable.
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