What specific chemical similarity in lunar rocks strongly supports the Giant-Impact model?
Striking similarities in oxygen isotope ratios to Earth’s mantle rocks
The physical evidence gathered from lunar samples, particularly those returned by the Apollo missions, provides substantial backing for the impact theory. The composition of the Moon is not entirely distinct; rather, it strongly mirrors Earth's composition in key aspects. Most notably, the analysis of lunar rocks reveals striking similarities in their oxygen isotope ratios when compared directly to rocks derived from Earth's mantle. This isotopic matching suggests that the Moon was formed not from a completely external body, but from a massive plume of material composed of both terrestrial matter and impactor material intimately mixed together during the violent ejection phase.

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