What is the established relative size relationship between the Earth and the resulting Moon?
Answer
The Moon is about one-quarter the diameter of Earth
A key observation supporting the massive impact theory over alternatives like later capture is the unusual size comparison between Earth and its satellite. The Moon is exceptionally large relative to the planet it orbits. Quantitatively, the text notes that the Moon possesses a diameter measuring approximately one-quarter (25%) of the diameter of the Earth. This massive satellite is considered rare within the Solar System, reinforcing the conclusion that its formation required an equally rare, massive, and singular event like the collision with Theia, rather than the gradual accumulation of smaller dust particles.
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