What services were encapsulated within the $80 million fee NASA paid for a Soyuz seat?

Answer

Training, launch services, and operational support for U.S. astronauts.

The $80 million figure paid by NASA for a seat on Soyuz represented far more than a simple transaction for lift into orbit. This amount was the result of a complex, long-standing international agreement between the American agency and the Russian space agency, Roscosmos. The total cost was comprehensive, designed to cover all necessary prerequisites and ongoing support for American personnel traveling to the International Space Station. Specifically, this fee incorporated extensive training pipelines for the astronauts, the actual launch services provided by the Soyuz vehicle, and the crucial operational support necessary to manage their presence in low Earth orbit.

What services were encapsulated within the $80 million fee NASA paid for a Soyuz seat?
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