What role do metals (elements heavier than hydrogen and helium) play in the star formation process?

Answer

They are critical for efficient cooling, allowing gas to radiate away thermal energy.

Metals enable efficient radiative cooling, which lowers the internal thermal pressure, thereby making it easier for gravity to win the collapse contest.

What role do metals (elements heavier than hydrogen and helium) play in the star formation process?
galaxiesastronomyratestarsstar formation