What physical process primarily causes the gas within the Cat's Eye Nebula to glow?

Answer

Ionization by ultraviolet radiation

The glowing appearance of the nebula is a direct result of ionization. As the central star transitions toward the final white dwarf stage, it becomes extremely hot and emits intense ultraviolet radiation. This high-energy radiation strikes the gas that the star has previously expelled, ionizing the atoms and causing them to emit light that is visible across vast interstellar distances.

What physical process primarily causes the gas within the Cat's Eye Nebula to glow?
evolutionastronomystarnebulacat's eye