What must occur for the visibility of the entire South Pole to be achieved from Earth?
Answer
Visibility depends on small librational effects that vary slightly depending on the time and precise orbit mechanics.
Seeing the entirety of the South Pole, which would involve viewing the very edge or 'limb' of that region, is not a constant occurrence. It relies entirely on the periodic and slight movements afforded by libration. The visibility is not guaranteed by static orbital mechanics but is dependent on the nuances of the Moon's path, including minor variations in orbital speed and angular position at any given moment. These small librational effects must combine in a favorable way relative to the observer's line of sight to momentarily reveal the extreme southern latitudes that are otherwise hidden or only partially glimpsed.
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