How do the surface compositions of the Near Side and Far Side differ based on rock sample analysis?

Answer

The Far Side composition analysis revealed a paucity of mare material compared to the Near Side.

Analysis of the first rock samples collected from the Far Side provided definitive evidence that the two lunar hemispheres are compositionally distinct, contrary to being identical twins. The near side is known for its extensive coverage by maria—the dark, basaltic lava flows that filled impact basins, making it richer in certain elements associated with those flows. The samples returned from the far side clearly demonstrated a notable absence, or paucity, of this mare material. Instead, the far side crust is characterized as being lighter, older, and possessing a greater overall thickness, suggesting a different thermal and impact history early in the Moon's development.

How do the surface compositions of the Near Side and Far Side differ based on rock sample analysis?

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